Fuzzy Logic–Based Control for Photovoltaic Systems with Integrated Energy Storage

Abstract

The application of fuzzy logic control (FLC) to a photovoltaic (PV) system with an energy storage solution aims to enhance the efficiency, reliability, and stability of renewable energy generation. In such systems, solar panels convert sunlight into electrical power, while a storage device—typically a battery—stores excess energy for later use or grid support. Because PV output fluctuates due to changing weather conditions and varying solar irradiance, maintaining optimal energy flow and battery management becomes complex. FLC method provides an effective solution by mimicking human decision-making through a set of linguistic rules rather than relying on precise mathematical models. This allows the controller to handle the nonlinear and uncertain behaviour of PV systems. The FLC technique can dynamically regulate parameters such as the duty cycle of DC–DC converters, battery charge/discharge rates, and power balance between the PV array, the battery, and the load or grid. Compared with conventional control methods (e.g., PID control), FLC method offers better adaptability and robustness under rapidly changing environmental conditions. Simulation and experimental results reported in research show that FLC approach improves system performance by achieving smoother power output, faster response to irradiance variations, and prolonged battery lifespan through optimized energy management. In summary, integrating FLC method into PV systems with storage enhances energy conversion efficiency, system stability, and overall reliability—making it a valuable method for modern smart grids and sustainable energy applications.